A spillway is a structure used to provide the controlled release of flows from a dam or into a downstream area, typically being the river that was dammed. In the UK they may be known as overflow channels.
A spillway is located at the top of the reservoir pool. Dams may also have bottom outlets with valves or gates which may be operated to release flood flow, and a few dams lack overflow spillways and rely entirely on bottom outlets.
Other spillway types include an ogee crest which over-tops a dam, a side channel that wraps around the topography of a dam and a labyrinth which uses a 'zig-zag' design to increase the sill length for a thinner design and increased discharge. There is also a drop inlet
which resembles an intake for a hydroelectric power plant but transfers
water from behind the dam directly through tunnels to the river
downstream.
The sudden closure of a spillway gate can result in the stranding of fish, and this is also usually avoided.
A spillway is located at the top of the reservoir pool. Dams may also have bottom outlets with valves or gates which may be operated to release flood flow, and a few dams lack overflow spillways and rely entirely on bottom outlets.
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